Related Papers
The Origin, Genetics and Dispersal of Drug-resistant Plasmodium Falciparum in Kenya
2006 •
Jonathan Mwangi
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
{"__content__"=>"Molecular Detection of Residual Parasitemia after Pyronaridine-Artesunate or Artemether-Lumefantrine Treatment of Uncomplicated Malaria in Kenyan Children.", "i"=>{"__content__"=>"Plasmodium falciparum"}}
2018 •
Henk Schallig
Artemisinin resistance is rapidly rising in Southeast Asia and may spread to African countries, where efficacy estimates are currently still excellent. Extensive monitoring of parasite clearance dynamics after treatment is needed to determine whether responsiveness to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACT) is changing in Africa. In this study, Kenyan children with uncomplicated malaria were randomly assigned to pyronaridine-artesunate (PA) or artemether-lumefantrine (AL) treatment. Parasite clearance was evaluated over 7 days following the start of treatment by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and direct-on-blood PCR nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay (db-PCR-NALFIA), a simplified molecular malaria diagnostic. Residual parasitemia at day 7 was detected by qPCR in 37.1% (26/70) of AL-treated children and in 46.1% (35/76) of PA-treated participants ( = 0.275). Direct-on-blood PCR nucleic acid lateral flow immunoassay detected residual parasites at day 7 in 33.3%...
Malaria Journal
Therapeutic efficacies of artemether-lumefantrine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum and chloroquine and dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for uncomplicated Plasmodium vivax infection in Ethiopia
hiwot solomon
Background Routine monitoring of anti-malarial drugs is recommended for early detection of drug resistance and to inform national malaria treatment guidelines. In Ethiopia, the national treatment guidelines employ a species-specific approach. Artemether-lumefantrine (AL) and chloroquine (CQ) are the first-line schizonticidal treatments for Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium vivax, respectively. The National Malaria Control and Elimination Programme in Ethiopia is considering dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA/PPQ) as an alternative regimen for P. falciparum and P. vivax. Methods The study assessed the clinical and parasitological efficacy of AL, CQ, and DHA/PPQ in four arms. Patients over 6 months and less than 18 years of age with uncomplicated malaria mono-infection were recruited and allocated to AL against P. falciparum and CQ against P. vivax. Patients 18 years or older with uncomplicated malaria mono-infection were recruited and randomized to AL or dihydroartemisinin-pipera...
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene
{"__content__"=>"Molecular Markers of Drug Resistance in Parasitemic Pregnant Women in the Middle Forest Belt of Ghana.", "i"=>{"__content__"=>"Plasmodium falciparum"}}
2018 •
joseph osarfo
Data on prevalence of antimalarial molecular resistance markers in pregnant women in Ghana is scarce. Prevalence of single nucleotide polymorphisms/haplotypes in the , , , and genes was assessed in a cross-sectional study involving 200 pregnant women. Almost 90% of infections were wild type at the gene whereas the NFD mutant haplotype occurred in 43% of samples. Prevalence of quadruple mutation was 92.6% whereas quintuple mutation with K540E was not observed. The study provides important updates of antimalarial resistance markers in Ghanaian pregnant women and suggests increased tolerance to one of the first-line treatment options in Ghana: artemether-lumefantrine. The data support the view that sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine is still efficacious for intermittent preventive treatment in Ghana, but the impact of increased doses on selection of mutations needs to be assessed. Continuing the surveillance of resistance markers is important to inform changes in antimalarial drug policy in pre...
Expansion of the Plasmodium falciparum Kelch 13 R622I mutation in Northwest Ethiopia
2021 •
Habtie Tesfa
According to the WHO, almost two thirds of the Ethiopian population are at risk of contracting malaria, where infection with Plasmodium falciparum accounts for approximately 60% of cases today. The risk of artemisinin resistance spreading from SE Asia to Africa is a major concern. We conducted a 28-day in vivo efficacy trial of Artemether-Lumefantrine (Co-Artem) for treatment of uncomplicated malaria (n = 97) in the Gondar Region, North West Ethiopia in 2017–2018. Our results confirmed 100% adequate clinical and parasitological response (ACPR) with no parasites observed at day 3 by microscopy. Further analysis of day 0 samples showed the expansion of a kelch13 mutation R622I to 9.5% from 2.4% of isolates reported three years earlier. Closer examination of the R622I mutation in vitro is warranted.
PLoS ONE
In Vivo Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine and Chloroquine against Plasmodium vivax: A Randomized Open Label Trial in Central Ethiopia
2013 •
Zenebe Melaku
Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Antifolate drug resistance and point mutations in Plasmodium falciparum in Kenya
1997 •
Baldip Khan
Malaria Journal
Return of chloroquine-sensitive Plasmodium falciparum parasites and emergence of chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium vivax in Ethiopia
2014 •
Nega Berhe, Ronald Clouse, Abraham Aseffa, Tamirat Gebru
Malaria Journal
Efficacy of artemether–lumefantrine, artesunate–amodiaquine, and dihydroartemisinin–piperaquine for treatment of uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Angola, 2015
2017 •
Joltim Quivinja
American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
Impacts of Antimalarial Drugs on Plasmodium falciparum Drug Resistance Markers, Western Kenya, 2003–2015
2018 •
Elizabeth Hemming-Schroeder, Pedro Tomás-Domingo
Antimalarial drug resistance has threatened global malaria control since chloroquine (CQ)-resistant Plas-modium falciparum emerged in Asia in the 1950s. Understanding the impacts of changing antimalarial drug policy on resistance is critical for resistance management. Plasmodium falciparum isolates were collected from 2003 to 2015 in western Kenya and analyzed for genetic markers associated with resistance to CQ (Pfcrt), sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) (Pfdhfr/Pfdhps), and artemether-lumefantrine (AL) (PfKelch13/Pfmdr1) antimalarials. In addition, household anti-malarial drug use surveys were administered. Pfcrt 76T prevalence decreased from 76% to 6% from 2003 to 2015. Pfdhfr/ Pfdhps quintuple mutants decreased from 70% in 2003 to 14% in 2008, but increased to near fixation by 2015. SP "super resistant" alleles Pfdhps 581G and 613S/T were not detected in the 2015 samples that were assessed. The Pfmdr1 N86-184F-D1246 haplotype associated with decreased lumefantrine susceptibility increased significantly from 4% in 2005 to 51% in 2015. No PfKelch13 mutations that have been previously associated with artemisinin resistance were detected in the study populations. The increase in Pfdhfr/Pfdhps quintuple mutants that associates with SP resistance may have resulted from the increased usage of SP for intermittent preventative therapy in pregnancy (IPTp) and for malaria treatment in the community. Prevalent Pfdhfr/Pfdhps mutations call for careful monitoring of SP resistance and effectiveness of the current IPTp program in Kenya. In addition, the commonly occurring Pfmdr1 N86-184F-D1246 haplotype associated with increased lumefantrine tolerance calls for surveillance of AL efficacy in Kenya, as well as consideration for a rotating artemisinin-combination therapy regimen.
